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Hinge Action -- A Primer

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Old 04-26-2006, 11:38 AM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer
Originally Posted by brianmanzella
Here is yet another way to determine hinge action at the 45degree/follow-thru/both arms straight location:

The SCORE LINES point AT the left shoulder = Horizontal Hinge Action
The SCORE LINES point STRAIGHT ACROSS the plane line = Verticle Hinge Action
The SCORE LINES point "In Between" these two points, but on most planes closer to the left shoulder, for Angled Hinge Action

Hadn't heard it put this way before, but it is absolutely correct. SCORE one -- no, SCORE three! -- for Brian!
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Last edited by 12 piece bucket : 04-26-2006 at 02:45 PM.
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Old 04-26-2006, 02:06 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#8
Originally Posted by rchang72
Please tell me if I'm stuck on a reef in the fog. From what I understand, at impact, the sweetspot of the clubface must be slightly inside of the target line and pointing right of the target line in order that the clubface be square to target at separation and for the sweetspot be along the target line at separation (2-C-1 #3). For the hitter, the angle of approach is used; for the swinger the arc of approach. Both the swinger and the hitter impact the ball at the same location, but from different paths. So at impact fix, the clubface is slightly open and the ball is towards the toe.

How does one find that location on the ball? and also how open should the clubface be?

Your on the right track, rchang72. You're learning your lessons well!

Looking down at the Ball, visualize cross-hairs through it directly down and across the Target Line. Assuming the Target is North, the Inside-Aft Quadrant is the Southwest Quadrant.

Regarding the Open Clubface alignment at Fix, try this experiment to help you understand why Horizontal Hinging demands it and approximately how much is required:

Grip the Club with your Left Wrist Flat and Vertical. Then raise your arm directly in front of your Left Shoulder and parallel to the ground. Verify that the toe of the Club is pointing directly at the sky. If it is not, adjust it until it does. Now swing your arm in front of you (like a hinged gate) until it is directly over the back of the Ball (positioned for Straightaway Flight). Finally, without changing your Flat and Vertical Left Wrist in the slightest, lower your arm until the Clubface is soled behind the Ball. You will find that it is slightly open.

The idea is that with Horizontal Hinging, the Clubface is always Closing through Impact, and that Motion must be accomodated in the Impact Fix Alignment. For the 'light' Shots -- Putts and short Chips -- the Impact Interval is so short that very little Clubface adjustment is required. In other words, the Ball does not stay on the Clubface long enough for the Closing Motion to affect it. So, on Short Shots -- for all Hinge Actions -- a Square Clubface at Fix is all that is required. [This information is not 'in the book' but was taken directly from Homer's recorded discussion of this point.]

However, the opposite is true for the extended Impact Interval of longer shots. For Horizontal Hinging, the Clubface has longer to Close, and it must therefore be aligned more and more Open as the shots get longer. For Angled Hinging, the Clubface should be aligned more and more Closed to compensate for the inherent Slice tendency.

The degree of Clubface 'Open' or 'Close' will vary for each Club and length of Shot. And this can only be determined through experimentation. As a guide to this trial and error process, Homer offered this advice:

1. Horizontal Hinging -- "Toward the Open side;"

2. Angled Hinging -- "Toward the Closed side;"

3. Vertical Hinging -- "Always Square."
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Old 04-26-2006, 02:12 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM10
Originally Posted by Joe Daniels, G.S.E.D.
Originally Posted by Yoda
Originally Posted by Joe Daniels, G.S.E.D.

If the grip is taken at Fix then the player can set the clubface to target line to match the hinge action they want to employ. Which means slightly open (horizontal), square (vertical) and slightly open short irons (angled) and slight closed long irons (angled).

[Bold by Yoda]


...the Clubface should never be Closed beyond the Square Position...



Above the statement was made that the "Clubface should never be Closed beyond the Square Position." However, MR. KELLEY disagress!!! Please refer to chapter 2-J-1 Impact Alignments: "Angled Hinging gives the clubface a Slice producing uncentered motion so while the Clubface does "Close" during impact, Clubface alignments is slightly "Open" for short shots but for longer shots it must be set up more and more "Closed."

Joe is right on this one.

The basis for my statement was the Angled Hinge Action Component (10-10-C) in the second and third editions of The Golfing Machine. Here, Homer wrote: "Its slice tendency can be compensated by a Square Clubface alignment at Impact Fix." Beginning with the 4th edition, Homer moved the Angled Hinge Clubface alignment reference to 2-J-1, and he modified his 'Square at Fix' Clubface dictum to "slightly Open" for the short shots and "more and more Closed" for the longer shots.

I interpreted the "more and more Closed" to mean that the 'new' slightly Open alignment was progressively Closed until the 'old' Square alignment was reached. However, in researching this important point, I have gone back to the source -- Homer Kelley himself (as I recorded him during my January 1982 Master Class) -- and now believe otherwise. In an extended discussion of the Fix Clubface Alignments for the three Hinge Actions, Homer made the following comments regarding Angled Hinging:

For short shots:

"For all the Hinge Actions, for very 'light' shots -- Putts and short Chips -- you can have the Face Square."



For longer shots:

"You have to close the Clubface quite noticeably for longer shots using Angled Hinging. You can't measure it as well as you can [the Open alignment] with Horizontal Hinging, but it can't be Square, really, at Separation. It should still be a little bit closed. The inclination to Fade is still there.

By experiment, you'll find how much the Clubface alignment will vary for different clubs for full swings. That's the only way you have to teach yourself -- or convince yourself -- that you know how much to close it. And only the Ball can tell you accurately whether or not you were right.

So, if you're going to hit a Ball real hard with Angled Hinging, you [begin by Closing it] 'that' much to compensate for the fact that it will not close as fast as it lays back. You keep closing it until you find out how much each club needs for a full shot.

Using Angled Hinging has got some advantages, but its got a lot of problems. The layback...avoiding the Fade off to the right. But it must be toward the Closed side."
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Old 04-26-2006, 02:15 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#11
Originally Posted by brianmanzella
No way the vertical hinge score lines point at the left shoulder socket.


What we are dealing with here is a great big 'Seems as if' -- an optical illusion -- regarding the Clubface Scoring Lines and their alignment with the Left Shoulder. This post will demonstrate that the Scoring Lines-Left Shoulder alignment is identical for each of the Three Hinge Actions. I will substitute the term 'Leading Edge' (of the Clubface) for its parallel 'Scoring Lines' since they are interchangeable.

The 'Seems as if' is that at the end of the Follow-Through (Both Arms Straight Position), the Full Roll of Horizontal Hinging causes the Leading Edge to point along the Target Line and point 'at' the Left Shoulder. Conversely, the Reverse Roll of Vertical Hinging causes the Leading Edge to be Square to the Target Line and point 'outside' the Left Shoulder. Visually, that appears to be the case, and yet, as will be shown, the Leading Edge and the Left Shoulder are identically 'In Line' for both (and for Angled Hinging as well) .

The illusion begins with the words 'point at.' First of all, let's agree that when the Clubface is lower than the Left Shoulder, the Leading Edge can never point 'at' it. Instead, it can only point 'below' it. Given that fact, we can define 'pointing at' to mean that the Leading Edge is in the same plane as the Left Shoulder. As your original post stated, that is exactly the case with Horizontal Hinging. And despite the illusion to the contrary, it is also exactly the case with Vertical and Angled Hinging! Here's why:

For simplicity, let's assume a Flat Left Wrist Vertical to the ground (the Horizontal Plane) at Low Point and the Clubface Square to the Target Line. Per 7-10, this is the precision alignment for all three Hinge Actions. [I could have used the alternative 'Vertical to the ground at Impact' but its necessary compensating Clubface adjustment adds complexity to the discussion and does not change the result.]

In this alignment, the outside of the Left Shoulder, the Back of the Left Arm, the Flat and Vertical Left Wrist and the Square Clubface will all be positioned against the same flat plane -- the Plane of the Left Wristcock Motion. In fact, this alignment establishes the Left Arm Flying Wedge (6-B-3-0-1), and it is maintained not only during the Hinge Action, but also throughout the Stroke (from Start Up to the end of the Follow Through). This is the key alignment, not where the Leading Edge appears to point -- but does not actually point.

From the Low Point, Horizontal Hinging causes the Leading Edge to move in a circle (1-L #9) around the Left Shoulder and Close Only (in relation to the Target Line), just as if it were a swinging door. In fact, Horizontal Hinging causes the entire Left Arm Flying Wedge -- the back of the left Arm, the Flat and Vertical Left Wrist and the Leading Edge -- to Close Only. Accordingly, at the end of our short Chip Shot, we can see that the Leading Edge has maintained its original alignment: It points below the Left Shoulder and lies in the plane of the Left Arm Flying Wedge.

Similarly, Vertical Hinging also causes the Leading Edge to move in a circle around the Left Shoulder. However, instead of Closing Only, it Lays Back only, just as if it were a swinging door attached to the ceiling. In fact, in the same manner as Horizontal Hinging, Vertical Hinging causes the entire Left Arm Flying Wedge -- the back of the left Arm, the Flat and Vertical Left Wrist and the Leading Edge -- to Lay Back Only. Accordingly, at the end of our short Chip Shot, we can see that the Leading Edge has maintained its original alignment: It points below the Left Shoulder and lies in the plane of the Left Arm Flying Wedge.

So there you have it. The Clubface Leading Edge (or its parallel substitute, the Score Lines) never points at the Left Shoulder with any of the Three Hinge Actions. Instead, it always points below it, and it always lies in the same plane -- the plane of the Left Arm Flying Wedge -- regardless of the Hinge Action employed.
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Old 04-26-2006, 02:44 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#19
Originally Posted by mb6606
Should the grip be taken with the clubhead at impact alignment or impact separation alignment??? Thanks

The Grip should be taken at Impact Fix. Normally, the Clubface alignment will be slightly Open. At separation, it will be Square.

Interestingly, I discussed this very point on the practice tee today with Larry Nelson. He told me he begins each day with the Clubface 'slightly Open.' I peered over his Left Shoulder -- his Hands were not quite at Fix -- to see exactly how 'Open' that was. It wasn't much, but it was definitely Open.

"It has to be Open," he said. "Otherwise, you'll have to 'block it' [no Roll] as you go through" (to keep from Pulling or Hooking the Shot).

I then asked him how he determined the 'how much Open,' and he told me that "it changes every day!"

"I start from 'there' and then, if the shot goes straight, I leave it 'there.' If the shot goes right, I 'close' it a bit until it goes straight."

Well, all rightee then!
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Old 04-26-2006, 02:53 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#21
Originally Posted by 6bee1dee
So, this is something determined more on the practice range, not necessarily at each address?
And if at each address, why? It seems to be a non-constant in the equation each time, or so it seems this late at night.

Larry told me that once he determines the amount of 'Open' for the day, that's that. From there on, he trys to make "the same swing" with no further Clubface adjustments.
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Old 04-26-2006, 03:46 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#37
Originally Posted by Yoda
Originally Posted by brianmanzella
Here is yet another way to determine hinge action at the 45degree/follow-thru/both arms straight location:

The SCORE LINES point AT the left shoulder = Horizontal Hinge Action
The SCORE LINES point STRAIGHT ACROSS the plane line = Verticle Hinge Action
The SCORE LINES point "In Between" these two points, but on most planes closer to the left shoulder, for Angled Hinge Action

Hadn't heard it put this way before, but it is absolutely correct. SCORE one -- no, SCORE three! -- for Brian!

Uh oh. On second thought, I don't think the 'score lines' visual check is quite correct. Here's why:

Correct Rhythm (6-B-3-0 and 2-G) dictates that the Club maintain its in-line condition with the Left Arm with each of the three Hinge Actions. Only in this way can the Hands and Clubhead maintain the same RPM throughout the Impact Interval. Accordingly, per 2-G, the Left Arm and Clubface have their longest travel with Horizontal Hinging; a shorter travel with Angled Hinging; and a still shorter travel with Vertical Hinging.

At the end of the Follow-Through, therefore, the score lines of the club will point at the Left Shoulder Axis with Horizontal Hinging, as the 'score lines' visual check dictates. However, they will also point at the Left Shoulder Axis with Angled and Vertical Hinging as well. Since the Angled Hinging 'score lines check' was not directly at the Left Shoulder, it is incorrect. The 'score lines straight across' the Target Line is accurate for Vertical Hinging (as is the 'in-line with the Left Shoulder' visual check).
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Old 04-26-2006, 03:48 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#39
Originally Posted by brianmanzella
No way the vertical hinge score lines point at the left shoulder socket.


If the score lines point at, i.e., are 'in the same plane with,' the Left Shoulder socket with Horizontal Hinging, they also point at -- are in the same plane with -- the socket with Vertical and Angled Hinging.

Per 6-B-3-0:

"Accumulator #3 should never be Out-of-Line -- instead, it seeks to MAINTAIN its radial alignment with the Left Arm and a Left Wrist vertical to its associated Plane."

From the Glossary:

"Flat and Vertical Left Wrist: Positioning the Left Wrist to be vertical to its Left Shoulder Axis and to its Associated Plane during Impact."

Each of the three Hinge Actions represent a valid Clubface Control. Each has its own distinct Rhythm (2-G). And each maintains its radial alignment with the Left Arm as controlled by the Flat Left Wrist vertical to the Left Shoulder Axis.

The difference in the three Hinge Actions is Clubhead Travel and Clubface Alignment (relative to the Plane Line). In one word, the difference is Rhythm.

Not the radial alignment with the Left Shoulder Axis of the Stroke.

[This discussion is completed below in Rhythm Ruckus -- Part II.]
Topic:Hinge Action -- A Primer
Originally Posted by brianmanzella
No way the vertical hinge score lines point at the left shoulder socket.

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Old 04-26-2006, 03:49 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#40
IMPORTANT:

I have changed my position on the Angled Hinge Clubface Fix alignment and have edited those posts accordingly. These posts are 'Open Door Policy' (March 31); 'How Closed Is Closed' (April 2); and 'Case Closed' (April 12). The 'Case Closed' post is especially important because it explains the reversal and includes extensive quotes from my personal recordings of Homer Kelley.

Sorry for any Fades that might have resulted from these posts!
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Old 04-26-2006, 04:12 PM
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Hinge Action -- A Primer GM#50
Originally Posted by jaminid
Patrick - interesting point. I had similar questions myself. To add to the discussion, if vertical hinging requires a sqare face at fix with its layback only motion, why would angled hinging require a "closed" face at fix with its closing AND layback motion? Is the argument that vertical hinging is only used for short shots, and hence, the slicing tendency in neglible?

Patrick and Jaminid,

Just got back and wanted to put this up:

1. It is not the Clubface Layback of Angled Hinging that requires the Closed Clubface at Fix. It is its uncentered Motion.

2. Unlike Angled Hinging, Horizontal and Vertical Hinging are 'centered' motions. Hence, neither has a built-in Slice tendency.
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